Thursday, April 30, 2009

Non-bank Foreign Exchange Companies

[edit] Non-bank Foreign Exchange Companies
Non-bank foreign exchange companies offer currency exchange and international payments to private individuals and companies. These are also known as foreign exchange brokers but are distinct in that they do not offer speculative trading but currency exchange with payments. I.e., there is usually a physical delivery of currency to a bank account.
It is estimated that in the UK, 14% of currency transfers/payments[10] are made via Foreign Exchange Companies.[11] These companies' selling point is usually that they will offer better exchange rates or cheaper payments than the customer's bank. These companies differ from Money Transfer/Remittance Companies in that they generally offer higher-value services

Investment management firms

Investment management firms
Investment management firms (who typically manage large accounts on behalf of customers such as pension funds and endowments) use the foreign exchange market to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. For example, an investment manager bearing an international equity portfolio needs to purchase and sell several pairs of foreign currencies to pay for foreign securities purchases.
Some investment management firms also have more speculative specialist currency overlay operations, which manage clients' currency exposures with the aim of generating profits as well as limiting risk. Whilst the number of this type of specialist firms is quite small, many have a large value of assets under management (AUM), and hence can generate large trades.

Hedge funds as speculators

[edit] Hedge funds as speculators
About 70% to 90% of the foreign exchange transactions are speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency. Hedge funds have gained a reputation for aggressive currency speculation since 1996. They control billions of dollars of equity and may borrow billions more, and thus may overwhelm intervention by central banks to support almost any currency, if the economic fundamentals are in the hedge funds' favor

Central banks

National central banks play an important role in the foreign exchange markets. They try to control the money supply, inflation, and/or interest rates and often have official or unofficial target rates for their currencies. They can use their often substantial foreign exchange reserves to stabilize the market. Milton Friedman argued that the best stabilization strategy would be for central banks to buy when the exchange rate is too low, and to sell when the rate is too high—that is, to trade for a profit based on their more precise information. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of central bank "stabilizing speculation" is doubtful because central banks do not go bankrupt if they make large losses, like other traders would, and there is no convincing evidence that they do make a profit trading.
The mere expectation or rumor of central bank intervention might be enough to stabilize a currency, but aggressive intervention might be used several times each year in countries with a dirty float currency regime. Central banks do not always achieve their objectives. The combined resources of the market can easily overwhelm any central bank.[7] Several scenarios of this nature were seen in the 1992–93 ERM collapse, and in more recent times in Southeast Asia.

Central banks

National central banks play an important role in the foreign exchange markets. They try to control the money supply, inflation, and/or interest rates and often have official or unofficial target rates for their currencies. They can use their often substantial foreign exchange reserves to stabilize the market. Milton Friedman argued that the best stabilization strategy would be for central banks to buy when the exchange rate is too low, and to sell when the rate is too high—that is, to trade for a profit based on their more precise information. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of central bank "stabilizing speculation" is doubtful because central banks do not go bankrupt if they make large losses, like other traders would, and there is no convincing evidence that they do make a profit trading.
The mere expectation or rumor of central bank intervention might be enough to stabilize a currency, but aggressive intervention might be used several times each year in countries with a dirty float currency regime. Central banks do not always achieve their objectives. The combined resources of the market can easily overwhelm any central bank.[7] Several scenarios of this nature were seen in the 1992–93 ERM collapse, and in more recent times in Southeast Asia.

Commercial companies

An important part of this market comes from the financial activities of companies seeking foreign exchange to pay for goods or services. Commercial companies often trade fairly small amounts compared to those of banks or speculators, and their trades often have little short term impact on market rates. Nevertheless, trade flows are an important factor in the long-term direction of a currency's exchange rate. Some multinational companies can have an unpredictable impact when very large positions are covered due to exposures that are not widely known by other market participants.

Banks

The interbank market caters for both the majority of commercial turnover and large amounts of speculative trading every day. A large bank may trade billions of dollars daily. Some of this trading is undertaken on behalf of customers, but much is conducted by proprietary desks, trading for the bank's own account.
Until recently, foreign exchange brokers did large amounts of business, facilitating interbank trading and matching anonymous counterparts for small fees. Today, however, much of this business has moved on to more efficient electronic systems. The broker squawk box lets traders listen in on ongoing interbank trading and is heard in most trading rooms, but turnover is noticeably smaller than just a few years ago.

Market participants

Unlike a stock market, where all participants have access to the same prices, the foreign exchange market is divided into levels of access. At the top is the inter-bank market, which is made up of the largest investment banking firms. Within the inter-bank market, spreads, which are the difference between the bid and ask prices, are razor sharp and usually unavailable, and not known to players outside the inner circle. The difference between the bid and ask prices widens (from 0-1 pip to 1-2 pips for some currencies such as the EUR). This is due to volume. If a trader can guarantee large numbers of transactions for large amounts, they can demand a smaller difference between the bid and ask price, which is referred to as a better spread. The levels of access that make up the foreign exchange market are determined by the size of the “line” (the amount of money with which they are trading). The top-tier inter-bank market accounts for 53% of all transactions. After that there are usually smaller investment banks, followed by large multi-national corporations (which need to hedge risk and pay employees in different countries), large hedge funds, and even some of the retail FX-metal market makers. According to Galati and Melvin, “Pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, and other institutional investors have played an increasingly important role in financial markets in general, and in FX markets in particular, since the early 2000s.” (2004) In addition, he notes, “Hedge funds have grown markedly over the 2001–2004 period in terms of both number and overall size” Central banks also participate in the foreign exchange market to align currencies to their economic needs.

Market participants

Unlike a stock market, where all participants have access to the same prices, the foreign exchange market is divided into levels of access. At the top is the inter-bank market, which is made up of the largest investment banking firms. Within the inter-bank market, spreads, which are the difference between the bid and ask prices, are razor sharp and usually unavailable, and not known to players outside the inner circle. The difference between the bid and ask prices widens (from 0-1 pip to 1-2 pips for some currencies such as the EUR). This is due to volume. If a trader can guarantee large numbers of transactions for large amounts, they can demand a smaller difference between the bid and ask price, which is referred to as a better spread. The levels of access that make up the foreign exchange market are determined by the size of the “line” (the amount of money with which they are trading). The top-tier inter-bank market accounts for 53% of all transactions. After that there are usually smaller investment banks, followed by large multi-national corporations (which need to hedge risk and pay employees in different countries), large hedge funds, and even some of the retail FX-metal market makers. According to Galati and Melvin, “Pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, and other institutional investors have played an increasingly important role in financial markets in general, and in FX markets in particular, since the early 2000s.” (2004) In addition, he notes, “Hedge funds have grown markedly over the 2001–2004 period in terms of both number and overall size” Central banks also participate in the foreign exchange market to align currencies to their economic needs.

Market size and liquidity

The foreign exchange market is unique because of

its trading volumes,
the extreme liquidity of the market,
its geographical dispersion,
its long trading hours: 24 hours a day except on weekends (from 22:00 UTC on Sunday until 22:00 UTC Friday),
the variety of factors that affect exchange rates.
the low margins of profit compared with other markets of fixed income (but profits can be high due to very large trading volumes)
the use of leverage

Main foreign exchange market turnover, 1988 - 2007, measured in billions of USD.As such, it has been referred to as the market closest to the ideal perfect competition, notwithstanding market manipulation by central banks. According to the Bank for International Settlements,[2] average daily turnover in global foreign exchange markets is estimated at $3.98 trillion. Trading in the world's main financial markets accounted for $3.21 trillion of this. This approximately $3.21 trillion in main foreign exchange market turnover was broken down as follows:

$1.005 trillion in spot transactions
$362 billion in outright forwards
$1.714 trillion in foreign exchange swaps
$129 billion estimated gaps in reporting
Of the $3.98 trillion daily global turnover, trading in London accounted for around $1.36 trillion, or 34.1% of the total, making London by far the global center for foreign exchange. In second and third places respectively, trading in New York accounted for 16.6%, and Tokyo accounted for 6.0%.[4] In addition to "traditional" turnover, $2.1 trillion was traded in derivatives.

Exchange-traded FX futures contracts were introduced in 1972 at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and are actively traded relative to most other futures contracts.

Several other developed countries also permit the trading of FX derivative products (like currency futures and options on currency futures) on their exchanges. All these developed countries already have fully convertible capital accounts. Most emerging countries do not permit FX derivative products on their exchanges in view of prevalent controls on the capital accounts. However, a few select emerging countries (e.g., Korea, South Africa, India—[1]; [2]) have already successfully experimented with the currency futures exchanges, despite having some controls on the capital account.

FX futures volume has grown rapidly in recent years, and accounts for about 7% of the total foreign exchange market volume, according to The Wall Street Journal Europe (5/5/06, p. 20).

Top 10 currency traders [5]
% of overall volume, May 2008 Rank Name Volume
1 Deutsche Bank 21.70%
2 UBS AG 15.80%
3 Barclays Capital 9.12%
4 Citi 7.49%
5 Royal Bank of Scotland 7.30%
6 JPMorgan 4.19%
7 HSBC 4.10%
8 Lehman Brothers 3.58%
9 Goldman Sachs 3.47%
10 Morgan Stanley 2.86%
Foreign exchange trading increased by 38% between April 2005 and April 2006 and has more than doubled since 2001. This is largely due to the growing importance of foreign exchange as an asset class and an increase in fund management assets, particularly of hedge funds and pension funds. The diverse selection of execution venues have made it easier for retail traders to trade in the foreign exchange market. In 2006, retail traders constituted over 2% of the whole FX market volumes with an average daily trade volume of over US$50-60 billion (see retail trading platforms).[6] Because foreign exchange is an OTC market where brokers/dealers negotiate directly with one another, there is no central exchange or clearing house. The biggest geographic trading centre is the UK, primarily London, which according to IFSL estimates has increased its share of global turnover in traditional transactions from 31.3% in April 2004 to 34.1% in April 2007. The ten most active traders account for almost 80% of trading volume, according to the 2008 Euromoney FX survey.[3] These large international banks continually provide the market with both bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices. The bid/ask spread is the difference between the price at which a bank or market maker will sell ("ask", or "offer") and the price at which a market-maker will buy ("bid") from a wholesale customer. This spread is minimal for actively traded pairs of currencies, usually 0–3 pips. For example, the bid/ask quote of EUR/USD might be 1.2200/1.2203 on a retail broker. Minimum trading size for most deals is usually 100,000 units of base currency, which is a standard "lot".


These spreads might not apply to retail customers at banks, which will routinely mark up the difference to say 1.2100/1.2300 for transfers, or say 1.2000/1.2400 for banknotes or travelers' checks. Spot prices at market makers vary, but on EUR/USD are usually no more than 3 pips wide (i.e., 0.0003). Competition is greatly increased with larger transactions, and pip spreads shrink on the major pairs to as little as 1 to 2 pips.

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRADING FRAUDS

Have you been solicited to trade foreign currency contracts (also known as "forex")?
If so, you need to know how to spot foreign currency trading frauds.
The United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the federal agency that regulates commodity futures and options markets in the United States, warns consumers to take special care to protect themselves from the various kinds of frauds being perpetrated in today's financial markets, including those involving so-called "foreign currency trading."
A new federal law, the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, makes clear that the CFTC has the jurisdiction and authority to investigate and take legal action to close down a wide assortment of unregulated firms offering or selling foreign currency futures and options contracts to the general public. In addition, the CFTC has jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute foreign currency fraud occurring in its registered firms and their affiliates.
The CFTC has witnessed the increasing numbers and growing complexity of financial investment opportunities in recent years, including a sharp rise in foreign currency trading scams. While much foreign currency trading is legitimate, various forms of foreign currency trading have been touted in recent years to defraud members of the public.
Currency trading scams often attract customers through advertisements in local newspapers, radio promotions or attractive Internet sites. These advertisements may tout high-return, low-risk investment opportunities in foreign currency trading, or even highly-paid currency-trading employment opportunities. The CFTC urges you to be skeptical when promoters of foreign currency trading claim that their services or account management will earn high profits with minimal risks, or that employment as a currency trader will make you wealthy quickly.
Understanding Legitimate Foreign Currency Operations
Generally speaking, foreign currency futures and options contracts may be traded legally on an exchange or board of trade that has been approved by the CFTC.
Even where currency trading does not occur on a Commission-approved exchange or board of trade, the trading can be conducted legally where, generally speaking, one or both parties to the trading is (or is a regulated affiliate of) a bank, insurance company, registered securities broker-dealer, futures commission merchant or other financial institution, or is an individual or entity with a high net worth.
Where forex firms do not fall into the categories of regulated entities outlined above and engage in foreign currency futures and options transactions with or for retail customers who do not have high net worths, the CFTC has jurisdiction over those firms and their transactions.
Warning Signs of Fraud
If you are solicited by a company that claims to trade foreign currencies and asks you to commit funds for those purposes, you should be very careful. Watch for the warning signs listed below, and take the following precautions before placing your funds with any currency trading company.
1. Stay Away From Opportunities That Sound Too Good to Be True
Get-rich-quick schemes, including those involving foreign currency trading, tend to be frauds.
Always remember that there is no such thing as a "free lunch." Be especially cautious if you have acquired a large sum of cash recently and are looking for a safe investment vehicle. In particular, retirees with access to their retirement funds may be attractive targets for fraudulent operators. Getting your money back once it is gone can be difficult or impossible.
2. Avoid Any Company that Predicts or Guarantees Large Profits
Be extremely wary of companies that guarantee profits, or that tout extremely high performance. In many cases, those claims are false.
The following are examples of statements that either are or most likely are fraudulent:
"Whether the market moves up or down, in the currency market you will make a profit."
"Make $1000 per week, every week"
"We are out-performing 90% of domestic investments."
"The main advantage of the forex markets is that there is no bear market."
"We guarantee you will make at least a 30-40% rate of return within two months."
3. Stay Away From Companies That Promise Little or No Financial Risk
Be suspicious of companies that downplay risks or state that written risk disclosure statements are routine formalities imposed by the government.
The currency futures and options markets are volatile and contain substantial risks for unsophisticated customers. The currency futures and options markets are not the place to put any funds that you cannot afford to lose. For example, retirement funds should not be used for currency trading. You can lose most or all of those funds very quickly trading foreign currency futures or options contracts. Therefore, beware of companies that make the following types of statements:
"With a $10,000 deposit, the maximum you can lose is $200 to $250 per day."
"We promise to recover any losses you have."
"Your investment is secure."
4. Don't Trade on Margin Unless You Understand What It Means
Margin trading can make you responsible for losses that greatly exceed the dollar amount you deposited.
Many currency traders ask customers to give them money, which they sometimes refer to as "margin," often sums in the range of $1,000 to $5,000. However, those amounts, which are relatively small in the currency markets, actually control far larger dollar amounts of trading, a fact that often is poorly explained to customers.
Don't trade on margin unless you fully understand what you are doing and are prepared to accept losses that exceed the margin amounts you paid.
5. Question Firms That Claim To Trade in the "Interbank Market"
Be wary of firms that claim that you can or should trade in the "interbank market," or that they will do so on your behalf.
Unregulated, fraudulent currency trading firms often tell retail customers that their funds are traded in the "interbank market," where good prices can be obtained. Firms that trade currencies in the interbank market, however, are most likely to be banks, investment banks and large corporations, since the term "interbank market" refers simply to a loose network of currency transactions negotiated between financial institutions and other large companies.
6. Be Wary of Sending or Transferring Cash on the Internet, By Mail or Otherwise
Be especially alert to the dangers of trading on-line; it is very easy to transfer funds on-line, but often can be impossible to get a refund.
It costs an Internet advertiser just pennies per day to reach a potential audience of millions of persons, and phony currency trading firms have seized upon the Internet as an inexpensive and effective way of reaching a large pool of potential customers.
Many companies offering currency trading on-line are not located within the United States and may not display an address or any other information identifying their nationality on their Web site. Be aware that if you transfer funds to those foreign firms, it may be very difficult or impossible to recover your funds.
7. Currency Scams Often Target Members of Ethnic Minorities
Some currency trading scams target potential customers in ethnic communities, particularly persons in the Russian, Chinese and Indian immigrant communities, through advertisements in ethnic newspapers and television "infomercials."
Sometimes those advertisements offer so-called "job opportunities" for "account executives" to trade foreign currencies. Be aware that "account executives" that are hired might be expected to use their own money for currency trading, as well as to recruit their family and friends to do likewise. What appears to be a promising job opportunity often is another way many of these companies lure customers into parting with their cash.
8. Be Sure You Get the Company's Performance Track Record
Get as much information as possible about the firm's or individual's performance record on behalf of other clients. You should be aware, however, that It may be difficult or impossible to do so, or to verify the information you receive. While firms and individuals are not required to provide this information, you should be wary of any person who is not willing to do so or who provides you with incomplete information. However, keep in mind, even if you do receive a glossy brochure or sophisticated-looking charts, that the information they contain might be false.
9. Don't Deal With Anyone Who Won't Give You Their Background
Plan to do a lot of checking of any information you receive to be sure that the company is and does exactly what it says.
Get the background of the persons running or promoting the company, if possible. Do not rely solely on oral statements or promises from the firm's employees. Ask for all information in written form.
If you cannot satisfy yourself that the persons with whom you are dealing are completely legitimate and above-board, the wisest course of action is to avoid trading foreign currencies through those companies.
10. Warning Signs Of Commodity "Come-Ons"
If you are solicited by a company to purchase commodities, watch for the warning signs listed below:
Avoid any company that predicts or guarantees large profits with little or no financial risk.
Be wary of high-pressure tactics to convince you to send or transfer cash immediately to the firm, via overnight delivery companies, the internet, by mail, or otherwise.
Be skeptical about unsolicited phone calls about investments from offshore salespersons or companies with which you are unfamiliar.
Prior to purchasing:
Contact the CFTC.
Visit the CFTC's forex fraud web page.
Contact the National Futures Association to see whether the company is registered with the CFTC or is a members of the National Futures Association (NFA). You can do this easily by calling the NFA (800-621-3570 or 800-676-4NFA) or by checking the NFA's registration and membership information on its website at www.nfa.futures.org/basicnet/. While registration may not be required, you might want to confirm the status and disciplinary record of a particular company or salesperson.
Get in touch with other authorities, including your state's securities commissioner (www.nasaa.org), Attorney General's consumer protection bureau (www.naag.org/), the Better Business Bureau (www.bbb.org) and the National Futures Association (www.nfa.futures.org).
Be sure you get all information about the company and verify that data, if possible. If you can, check the company's materials with someone whose financial advice you trust.
Learn all possible information about fees charged, and the basis for each of these charges.
If in doubt, don't invest. If you can't get solid information about the company, the salesperson, and the investment, you may not want to risk your money.
11. More Information and Contacts
Questions concerning this advisory may be addressed to the CFTC's Office of Public Affairs at (202) 418-5080.
Commodity Futures Trading CommissionThree LaFayette Centre1155 21st Street, N.W.Washington, D.C. 20581
The Commodity Futures Modernization Act is available in our Law and Regulation page.(requires an Adobe Acrobat reader, which can be downloaded for free from www.adobe.com and numerous other sites on the Internet)
For other consumer advisories concerning possible fraudulent activity in the commodity futures and options industry, click on the Customer Protection page.
Contact the National Fraud Information Center (www.fraud.org).
The CFTC's website also offers general information about trading in the commodity futures and options markets. You may wish to visit our Before You Trade page.
To find out whether firms or counterparties with whom you plan to trade are registered or regulated institutions or entities that are outside the CFTC's jurisdiction, you can check the lists of regulated institutions on the following websites. Some institutions outside the CFTC's jurisdiction do not appear on any of these lists or in other readily-available places:

Summary Measures of the Foreign Exchange Value of the Dollar

Note: The currency weights used to compute the summary measures are updated and revised annually, but in unusual circumstances the weights may be revised at other times as well. Adjustments to the weights will likely result in changes to past values of the nominal and real indexes. Currency weights and index values were last revised on January 2, 2007.
Bilateral dollar exchange rates are available from the Board's H.10 (weekly) and G.5 (monthly) statistical releases.
Nominal Indexes
Broad
Daily Monthly
The broad index is a weighted average of the foreign exchange values of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of a large group of major U.S. trading partners. The index weights, which change over time, are derived from U.S. export shares and from U.S. and foreign import shares. For details on the construction of the weights, see the article (73 KB PDF) in the Winter 2005 Federal Reserve Bulletin.
Major Currencies
Daily through 1989 Daily after 1989 Monthly
The major currencies index is a weighted average of the foreign exchange values of the U.S. dollar against a subset of currencies in the broad index that circulate widely outside the country of issue. The weights are derived from those in the broad index.
OITP (Other important trading partners)
Daily Monthly
The OITP index is a weighted average of the foreign exchange values of the U.S. dollar against a subset of currencies in the broad index that do not circulate widely outside the country of issue. The weights are derived from those in the broad index.
G-10
Daily through 1989 Daily after 1989 Monthly
The G-10 index is a weighted average of the foreign exchange values of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of the other G-10 (Group of Ten) countries (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). The weight for each of the countries is the sum of the country's world trade during the 1972-76 period divided by the sum of world trade for all ten countries combined. The series was revised as of August 1978 ("Index of the Weighted-Average Exchange Value of the U.S. Dollar: Revision," Federal Reserve Bulletin, vol. 64, August 1978, p. 700). Series discontinued after December 1998.

forex daily update

Daily updates are posted Monday through Friday on this site.


Effective January 1, 2009, the Federal Reserve Board is discontinuing publication of the H.10 Daily Update,
which provides U.S. dollar exchange rates against other currencies certified for customs purposes by the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York and summary measures of the foreign exchange value of the dollar.
The Federal Reserve Bank of New York also has issued notification that it will discontinue publication
of these foreign exchange rates on its web site.

The Federal Reserve Board will still make the certified exchange rates available. Effective January 5, 2009,
the Board will publish the daily exchange rate data in a weekly version of the H.10 release, reinstituting the
weekly publication, which had been discontinued in May 2006. The webpage that links to historical data from
the H.10 release will also be updated once per week to pick up the daily data from the previous week.


H.10 DAILY UPDATE: WEB RELEASE ONLY For immediate release
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES December 31, 2008

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is advised that the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York has certified for customs purposes the following noon buying rates in
New York City for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies:


(Rates in currency units per U.S. dollar except as noted)


MONETARY
COUNTRY UNIT Dec. 29 Dec. 30 Dec. 31 Jan. 1 Jan. 2

*AUSTRALIA DOLLAR 0.6950 0.6906 0.6983
BRAZIL REAL 2.3975 2.3291 2.3180
CANADA DOLLAR 1.2162 1.2215 1.2240
CHINA, P.R. YUAN 6.8447 6.8295 6.8225
DENMARK KRONE 5.2335 5.2895 5.3497
*EMU MEMBERS EURO 1.4232 1.4085 1.3919
HONG KONG DOLLAR 7.7500 7.7498 7.7499
INDIA RUPEE 48.2500 48.0500 48.5800
JAPAN YEN 90.2000 90.3700 90.7900
MALAYSIA RINGGIT 3.4780 3.4770 3.4500
MEXICO PESO 13.5225 13.7600 13.8320
*NEW ZEALAND DOLLAR 0.5825 0.5770 0.5815
NORWAY KRONE 7.0047 7.0030 6.9756
SINGAPORE DOLLAR 1.4370 1.4372 1.4377
SOUTH AFRICA RAND 9.4600 9.3500 9.3000
SOUTH KOREA WON 1262.0000 1257.4000 1262.0000
SRI LANKA RUPEE 113.6200 113.3000 112.9000
SWEDEN KRONA 7.7354 7.7875 7.8770
SWITZERLAND FRANC 1.0414 1.0567 1.0673
TAIWAN DOLLAR 32.9900 32.7600 32.7600
THAILAND BAHT 34.9700 34.7100 34.7200
*UNITED KINGDOM POUND 1.4591 1.4395 1.4619
VENEZUELA BOLIVAR 2.1446 2.1446 2.1446

MEMO:
UNITED STATES DOLLAR
1)BROAD JAN97=100 106.6383 107.0459 107.3574
2)MAJOR CURRENCY MAR73=100 78.4987 79.0638 79.4142
3)OITP JAN97=100 137.5822 137.6436 137.8345


For more information on exchange rate indexes for the U.S. dollar, see "Indexes of the Foreign
Exchange Value of the Dollar," Federal Reserve Bulletin, 91:1 (Winter 2005), pp. 1-8
(http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf). Weights for the broad index
can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/H10/Weights; weights for the major currencies
index and the other important trading partners (OITP) index are derived from the broad index
weights. The most recent annual revision of the currency weights and dollar indexes took effect
with the January 2, 2007 release of this report.
The source for exchange rates not listed in the table above but used in the calculation of the
broad and OITP indexes is Bloomberg L.P.

* U.S. dollars per currency unit.
1) A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against the currencies
of a broad group of major U.S. trading partners.
2) A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of
the broad index currencies that circulate widely outside the country of issue.
3) A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of
the broad index currencies that do not circulate widely outside the country of issue.

The euro is reported in place of the individual euro-area currencies. These currency rates can
be derived from the dollar/euro rate by using the fixed conversion rates (in currencies per euro)
given below:

1 EURO = 13.7603 AUSTRIAN SCHILLINGS
= 40.3399 BELGIAN FRANCS
= 5.94573 FINNISH MARKKAS
= 6.55957 FRENCH FRANCS
= 1.95583 GERMAN MARKS
= .787564 IRISH POUNDS
= 1936.27 ITALIAN LIRE
= 40.3399 LUXEMBOURG FRANCS
= 2.20371 NETHERLANDS GUILDERS
= 200.482 PORTUGUESE ESCUDOS
= 166.386 SPANISH PESETAS
= 340.750 GREEK DRACHMAS
= 239.640 SLOVENIAN TOLAR

FOREX

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forex company news

30 Apr 2009
12:00 The latest version of the trading terminal NetTradeX 1.8.0 released
What's new:

added option to export images of charts to file or clipboard and the ability to email images
notification of suspension of trading certain instruments
increased range of deviation from market price
enhanced interface
fixed errors


29 Apr 2009
17:00 Trade conditions for Islamic (SWAP free) accounts changed
Dear Traders!

From 03 May 2009 obligatory automatic closing of positions on the Islamic (SWAP free) accounts by the trade server will be executed in 14 days from the moment of opening every position.
We would like you to be reminded of the previous conditions have foreseen automatic closing of all positions at the end of the trade session on every Friday.


23 Apr 2009
10:00 IFC Markets' new Representative office opening
Dear Customers!

It is our pleasure to inform you that IFC Markets is setting up its representative office in the Russian Federation.
The office will provide wide range of services on trading on financial markets, consultancy support of the clients, advice regarding documentation,organization of trainings.

The office address:
Chernyshevskogo per., 11/1, Moscow, 127473, Russia
Tel/Fax: +7 495 681 3352

We aim to make your trading more comfortable and easy. We will be happy to see you at our representative offices!


09 Mar 2009
14:05 News Feed "Global News" from the Thomson Reuters company.
Dear Traders!

In the New Version of the NetTradeX 1.7.0 terminal we present you News Feed "Global News" from the Thomson Reuters company.
News feed is available in English and includes operative information covering all the main events from all over the world, including published macro-economic data, Central Banks CEO's and leading economists' speeches, etc., which have broad impact on currency exchange rates. In the future we are planning to increase the number of information sources in the News Feed, as well as available languages and Topic Channels.
News Feed is completely free for all types of real accounts with balance from as little as $50. Clients with smaller balances are welcome to subscribe for only $3 per month.

Our team wishes you successful and profitable trading!


09 Mar 2009
14:00 New version of Trade Terminal NetTradeX 1.7.0 is released.

What's new:

News Feed
New style of User's Interface
Persian (Farsi) and French interfaces
9 new graphical objects
Improved program's performance
Errors fixed